Writing and Personal Experience Essay

Personal experience essay writing largely refers to describing personal experience, as the title suggests. Usually, this type of essay would include describing some, incident or ordeal you have been through. However, it may also refer to a string of related incidents that you remember as one whole experience. It is entirely up to you how you choose to handle your Personal experience essay. Regardless of which way you wish to go about writing your essay, there is a general format that you would want to follow. Also, making an outline would help you to stay organized, and it would prevent you from wandering away from the main topic points.A general format for a Personal experience essay would include an introduction, a body and a conclusion. It is best to describe your points in chronological order, starting with the first point in your introduction, and winding up with you last in your conclusion. However, in a Personal experience essay you might need to include flashbacks at certain stages in your essay in order to refresh your reader's memory. You must remain as clear as possible when doing so. For your Personal experience essay, choose an experience that is easy to write about.Keeping it simple will allow you to have control over what you want to write about. You might not need to mention every detail you have in mind. The best approach is for you to make an outline of the experience. Your Personal experience essay is like any other essay in this way because you need to make brief pints to create a flow. However, you are generally free to go about your writing the way that you feel comfortable. In a Personal experience essay you do not need to support your claims or experiences with scholarly sources. Your experiences are entirely your own.However, you may want to compare your experience with some well known one. This is helpful in a Personal experience essay, and can stir a reader's interest. Though you are free to write in any style you want, avoid making g eneral statements. You need to make your statements match your personal experience. In a Personal experience essay, the primary focus is for you to describe yourself in relation to the incident you experience. You will need to increase the intensity of this when you start writing the main body of the essay. In a Personal experience essay, the body carries the main weight in terms of your personal description.The introduction deals with leading your reader into the main discussion while the conclusion should explain how the incident or personal experience has influenced you. For writing a Personal experience essay, there are few small but significant points you will find helpful. These include describing your experience through using your senses [whatever you see, feel, hear, smell, and taste]. In a Personal experience essay, you should also describe your thoughts, emotions, and actions. These will all help to bring out how the experience has influenced you.

Supply and Demand and Price Elasticity

Apple I-PHONES – Elasticity of supply and demand ABSTRACT I-PHONE' ELASTICITY OF DEMAND What determines price elasticity of Iphones demand? Demand for Iphones – It seems like Iphone sales are above expectation and Apple can't meet current demand. People all over the world are enthralled and want to hold one of the advanced and sexiest products in the market. The degree of necessity or whether the good is a luxury – goods deemed by consumers to be necessities tend to have an inelastic demand whereas luxuries will tend to have a more elastic demand because consumers can make do without luxuries when their budgets are stretched. It's likely to assume that Iphone considered as a luxury and in an economic recession customers can cut their spending on Iphones. The cost of switching between different phones – there may be difficulties involved in switching between different phones. In this case, using Iphone, with its unique applications and software might involve with issues of transferring data from one phone to another. This also imply when moving from using another phone to Iphone. I consider this part for some extent as an insignificant. Summarizing, Iphone is a very unique product, differentiated but have some competitors. Price elasticity of demand is definitely not inelastic but not perfectly elastic. If prices go up significantly, there's no doubt that quantity demanded declines. I-PHONE' ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY Price elasticity also affects supply. Products with an inelastic supply usually have a long lead time, with little power over the quantity produced. Hotel rooms are one example, because if there's a price change, hotel owners can't decide halfway through the growing season to provide more or less of rooms. On the other hand, products with a high elasticity of supply tend to come from industries that can change their production levels more quickly – for example, milk and dairy products. If we examine Iphone elasticity of supply we should consider Apple manufactures for being able to adapt to high demand. From past publications, we could learn that Apple had some issues with facing demand, and that it couldn't meet demand. From my perspective Apple incorrectly predicated its sales, and that was the basis for the shortage. Iphone supply should be more elastic than inelastic at the end of the day.

Email vs. Snail Mail

Throughout history people have communicated with each other in various ways. For instance, some used birds to transfer their messages while others used the smoke of fire to signal their friend who were far from them. Lately postal mail was used as a mean for correspondence, which was referred to as snail mail afterword. And with the invention of telegraph and development of civilization a new tool came in known as e-mail. There are significant discrepancies between snail mail and e-mail along with some common points.First of all, both tools are uses for communication in society, and they are both under risk in terms of confidentiality, but for different reasons. For instance, you cannot be secure that all post offices are safe enough to send your messages that are too personal or contain secret information about your work†¦ etc. E-mails suffer from the same problem but for different reasons. For example your computer can become a victim of hacking and a hacker can get your whole archive in a few seconds. Finally, once they are delivered to the wanted place there is no way going back.Although they share some common points, snail mail and e-mail are tremendously different in many ways. Firstly, e-mail is way a lot faster than snail mail, it enables you to delivers your message in the blink of an eye, whereas it might take days for a snail mail to receive the place you want. Secondly, for sending an e-mail all you need is an internet connection and you can send it to hundreds of people at once, nonetheless, you can send a snail mail once at a time and you have to pay for it respectively.Moreover, there are many options for editing an e-mail and sending different types of media files along with it, in contrast to snail mail with which you can only send text messages. In addition, nowadays people are very busy to memorize the address of all of their acquaintance, e-mail solves this too, you can save all of those confusing addresses in your account without any e ffort, for snail mail this option is not present.The last and most important difference is that using snail mail we actually use up our natural resources like paper and ink, yet e-mail is a tool the encourages sustainability because you neither use resources nor throw it away after using it. As a conclusion, we can say that although both e-mail and snail are similar to each other to some extent it’s clear that all ways lead to using e-mail and regarding snail mail as an obsolete way for communication.

Criminal justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Criminal justice - Essay Example This involves considering several factors that cannot be quantified in a simple formula that can be standardized to enable control. Judges also have unreserved authority to decide what type of sentence to impose to eliminate discrimination in the decision making process (Cruz 74). If the judge is allowed to consult external authorities before passing the final verdict, then there is a probability of being misguided by parties that stand to benefit from the outcome of the case. Allowing judges and prosecutors to exercise discretion in their decision making ensures independence of the judicial system. A judge is bound by the law to impose a verdict based on the provisions allowed by the constitution only. Before deciding which sentence to impose, the judge should take into account all the factors related to the case and choose the best punishment that is provided by the law for the offense committed (Cruz 75). On their part, prosecutors should be allowed to determine who to charge with a crime basing their decision on evidence presented to them. Currently, there are cases that have taken years to be concluded due to lack of valid evidence. Prosecutors should be allowed to decide which charges to drop to ensure proper utilization of state resources. In addition, some charges do not qualify to be decided by the judge as they can be amicably resolved by the parties involved outside the court, thus reducing congestion in the judicial system. Part 2 Civil liberties are often abused unknowing by citizens due to the ambiguity of their existence in the constitution. For instance, the freedom of expression is commonly abused by individuals or groups who believe they have the right to express their opinion, which at times might offend others. If citizens can learn to respect each other, then discretion can promote civil liberty in the society. For example, when exercising their freedom of religion, religious leaders should practice restraint in their public utterance to av oid causing animosity among their followers (Gostin 48). Muslims often overstep their religious mandate when they try to force their ideologies on others in a bid to popularize Islam in Christian societies. This has led to conflicts such as the civil war between the Palestinians and Israelites. However, the right to privacy ensures individuals in a society can perform their activities as they please as long as they do not engage in illegal activities. Freedom from slavery and forced labor ensures no individual is held against his or her will and forced to work. In essence, civil liberties ensure members of the society have specific rights that they are expected to exercise with utmost discretion. If individuals in a society learned to respect each other and practice their rights in discretion, then peace and harmony would prevail (Gostin 48). Most social conflicts arise as a result of misunderstandings that occur due to varied interpretations of the limits of freedom specific to an individual. Department heads in an organization should formulate an ethical code of conduct that ensures officers exercise discretion in their duties to avoid civil liabilities. In concise, if officers in each department learned to respect each other, then they would be able to work efficiently together and fulfill their personal needs of freedom. Otherwise, conflicts are bound to occur, thus impacting their output negatively. Part 3 Several psychologists have

Film Critique Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Film Critique - Movie Review Example According to Buhler, et al (2009), full understanding of a drama or a movie calls for analysis of different aspect of the movie. Important analytical areas include a story set-up, use of different literature devices, character and characterization, and symbolic meaning of a story among others. This paper, in effect, analyzes the Wuthering Heights (1939) Film. Background Information Wuthering Heights is a film that reveals how individual’s choices and characters determine various happenings in a person’s life. The film is directed by William Wyler and produced by Samuel Goldwyn. The movie is romantic play that presents two confronting personalities, which are love and hatred. The film is based on an Emily Bronte’s novel, Wuthering Heights, which is also a romantic literature. It, however, depicts only 16 chapters out of 34 chapters of the novel. The romantic play revolves around two main characters, Catherine Earnshaw (Sarita Wooten) and Heathcliff (Laurence Olive r), whose love and affection for one another gradually increases since childhood (Hardy et al, scene 2 2009). The two characters, however, have a staggering relationship because of differences in their social status. Cathy is born in a wealthy family, whereas Heathcliff is a poor stable boy who is pessimistic about his acceptance in a society. Plot Summary and Storytelling The film unfolds in a flashback. The story is narrated by a housekeeper, Ellen Dean, to a stranger Lockwood (Miles Mander) (Sharma, 2010). The house-lady recounts the story to Mr. Lockwood, who takes a shelter at the Wuthering Heights estates. The curtains open by showing a comfortable life Mr. Earnshaw (Cecil Kellaway), a farmer, has with his children, Hindley (Douglas Scott) and Cathy a friendly farmer. The film producer portrays Mr. Earnshaw as a friendly farmer who interacts freely with his family and other people. Being a generous and congenial gentleman, the farmer rescues a street child, Heathcliff. The kid is loved by all members of the Earnshaw’s family except Hindley. The street boy and Cathy soon become intimate friends, a behavior that does not please Hindley. After the demise of Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley expresses his cruel enmity towards Heathcliff and stops him from marrying his sister. Heathcliff gets angry and leaves his â€Å"family.† When the street boy comes back, he finds that Cathy is married to Edgar Linton (David Niven), a rich neighbor (Sharma, 2010). Acting The drama involves many characters, each of whom contributes to plot development and theme illustration. Individual contributions, however, vary from one character to another depending on roles played in the film. According to Bloom (2000), characters in the movie are categorized as active and passive actors. Active actors, whom the story revolves around, are Heathcliff and Cathy. Heathcliff is portrayed as an important actor who, despite his poor background, significantly assists in plot development. B y incorporating the street boy in the Earnshaw’s family the theme of love and selfishness is revealed. The street kid also reveals how certain individual’s have good characters despite being in a society rotten with evil things. The actor, moreover, discloses the theme of revenge and several stylistic devices such as irony. Even though he has a low societal status, he is able to cause

How Political Machines Helped Evolve American Cities Essay

How Political Machines Helped Evolve American Cities - Essay Example It is purely based on patronagei. These are a group of people having a political power to control ‘behind-the-scene.’ A political machine is normally composed of three (3) elements: the part bosses or a county committee; election district captains; and party loyalists. (The Social Studies Help Center, 2007) Each department of the political machine has a specific role to play. officers, have the power to dominate and rule over the elections and the city government. This gives them the power to choose individuals they wish to nominate as part of the government officials like city mayors, judges, county commissioners, and prosecutors. The district captains are responsible in establishing a good relationship with hundreds of families within their district by helping the family members find jobs. Sometimes, district captains may assist the family members in solving minor legal problems. Most of the time, the captains are obliged to do some informal social services like providing the family members some money, food, shelter, and clothing. Lastly, the party loyalists contributes a lot to the political machine with votes and financial support that comes from extending favors to those who are in need of jobs. The party loyalists collect approximately 10 percent of the salaries of each individual working in the city. The development of infrastructure is very important in the economic development of a country. Let us take a look at the past effects of political machine in New York City. Sometime between the years 1820 – 1870, the population of New Yorkers rose up to 800,000 due to the Irish and German immigrants composing of half the total population in the city of New York. The development of urban infrastructure like streets, roads, buildings, telecommunication system, electricity and transportation like railroad were inadequate due to the sudden demand for a change. The officials of the city government were not capable of solving the sudden environmental,

Tourism Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Tourism Marketing - Essay Example 'The private sector comprises individual tourism enterprises that operate in a competitive, commercial environment using a business ethos and private sector capital. The public sector comprises the State Tourism Organizations. Funding is provided by taxpayers and ratepayers' (Advance Tourism 2005). The private sector operates as small regional or locale unites with strategic marketing plans. However, tourism needs to be marketed effectively aiming at the regional and local tourist. This paper will render a supportive hand to the local and regional tourism initiators. There are number of factors that need to be at the back of ones head while sketching and implementing a tourism marketing project. 'Tourist activities involve an amplified utilization of vulnerable habitation and this utilization often leads to a degradation of resources' (UNCSD NGO Committee 1999). The above stated words only prove how tactful one needs to be while compiling marketing strategies to influence the locale community. Tourism brings forth swift changes in the host community. ... The private sector operates as small regional or locale unites with strategic marketing plans.However, tourism needs to be marketed effectively aiming at the regional and local tourist. This paper will render a supportive hand to the local and regional tourism initiators. There are number of factors that need to be at the back of ones head while sketching and implementing a tourism marketing project. 'Tourist activities involve an amplified utilization of vulnerable habitation and this utilization often leads to a degradation of resources' (UNCSD NGO Committee 1999). The above stated words only prove how tactful one needs to be while compiling marketing strategies to influence the locale community. 1.2 Change and TourismTourism brings forth swift changes in the host community. While the international tourists bring in a rapid evolution in the local cultures and behavioral patterns, it is important for the state owned and private service providers to let the locale and regional people feel that their traditions and values are safeguarded and exhibited before the world. This confidence must be encouraged and cultivated by the local and regional marketing strategies (Poon A 1993). Tourism is the system of leisure or holiday travel, away from home for the day or overnight. The components of tourism include activities, facilities, transport and (when overnight) accommodation as well as local and international tour operators' (Bruce D. & Hoctor Z. 2001). This statement beyond any doubts can be considered as an affidavit for the seriousness of influencing the local flock towards successful and sustainable tourism program and activity. It elucidates the hidden aspects of the domestic market for the success and

The Religious Teachings and Rituals of the Faith Essay

The Religious Teachings and Rituals of the Faith - Essay Example in its vast fold. The Mass serves as the gathering of the Christian community at the church on Sunday morning, in memory of Holy Jesus (Baldovin 2003), in order to participate in all the rituals going to take place in church according to the Christian belief system and traditions associated with this sacred gathering, aim to pray to God and demonstrate their loyalty and dedication to the Holy Christ. The Mass contains the beginning hymns (performed with musical instruments), sermon depicting the sacred life and noble teachings of Jesus Christ, recitation and interpretation of some verses from the Gospel, collective prayer in the light of Christian belief, presentation of gifts and prayers to altar, the priest’s lecture at the altar, elucidating the noble cause behind the great and exemplary sacrifice made by Christ for humanity, blessing the bread and wine, according to the commands made by Christ at the eve of his Last Supper, followed by the collective Great Amen and receivi ng of Jesus in Holy Communion, and the final blessings at the end (Chadwick 106). Consequently, the Mass is actually the completion of all the rites associated with Eucharist from gathering to the participation in the final blessings. The question aptly rises in the minds of the Christian community that since they could offer their prayers and can observe meditation and recitation while staying at their homes, then why should they proceed to church and spend time at there as they are to perform almost the same at home, which they are going to carry out by visiting the church. However, at the moment they forget the very reality that the prayer does not mean mere delivering of some words from the mouth or doing some specific acts at a room in the residence; on the contrary, worship stands for a comprehensive and organized activity, to be observed in the company of the fellow people of the same faith in order to join the prayer session collectively, and to comprehend with the real mess age of Jesus Christ that the Christians are responsible for conveying his message to the entire humanity without any discrimination of class, caste, community, race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (Latourette 295). It is, therefore, then every Christian is welcomed at the church without taking his position, appearance, wealth and resources into slightest consideration even. Similarly, selection of Sunday by the saints for communion is actually for celebrating the day of Christ’s resurrection (Baldovin 2-3), on the third of his crucifixion at the hands of the cruel ruler of his era. Another important issue related to the Mass includes the purpose behind it. Since Eucharist stands for Thanksgiving, it is actually the expression of gratitude to Christ for his sacrifice and love, which should be made in the congregation by visiting the church instead of sending the same by staying at home.  

Anaylysis of business enviornment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Anaylysis of business enviornment - Assignment Example Some of the available techniques of promotion include using the print media and other media such as radio and TV. This is likely to catch the attention of many potential buyers. This will tend to increase demand of cars. The price of a car Affordability of cars will most certainly increase their demand. However, if the prices are not friendly, demand of cars will be less. This is the prime reason why a company that sells cars should fix the prices skilfully so as not to affect the sales (Frank, 2006, p. 57). Financing options A population found in a country where access to loans is easier will find it easier to buy a car than those who cannot access a loan. Banks and other financial institutions give loans to people who are employed or are doing businesses with returns that can pay off the loan. The income of the buyer Those buyers that earn a lot are able to buy more than one car. Those who earn little are not even able to afford a car. This is the reason why it is important to star t up a car selling business in places where people have good income. In such a place, demand will certainly be higher. New offerings With the introduction of a new model in the market, the demand of this car is usually higher. People tend to buy new models due to changes in the make. They may love the new colour, shape and speed of the new car and as such, they will be influenced to buy. Tastes and preferences If the customers change their taste and preference towards a particular type of car, its demand will most certainly go down. However, if the tastes and preferences of the consumer are in line with the available type of cars, then this will make demand higher. Economic conditions The most influential economic conditions include inflation and balance of payments. When there is inflation, the prices of goods and services tend to go high. In this case, consumers will pay higher for basic commodities than was the case initially. In this case, therefore, consumers’ ability to purchase is strained. They are not able to buy luxuries such as cars, hence their demand goes down. On the contrary, if the prevailing economic conditions are favourable, people will have money to spend, hence the demand for luxuries such as cars will be higher (Bade and Parkin, 2001, p. 43). 2. What product or service might have a highly positive cross elasticity of demand with the market for cars? Describe its impact on the market for cars. Cross elasticity of demand measures the effect of the demand of one good because of the change in the price of another good. The elasticity is measured because of the change in price of one good and how this will affect another commodity demand. The two goods are either compliments or substitutes. When the cross elasticity of demand is positive, it shows that the goods are substitutes. When it is negative, the two products are complements. In the market for cars, motorcycles are the products with a highly positive cross elasticity of demand. O ther substitutes are the public transport such as busses and trains. Many people are opting to buy motorcycles in place for cars due to the effective nature of motorcycles as compared to cars. Customers in a situation where substitutes have such a positive cross elasticity of demand, opt for the product with the highest advantage. In the market of cars, the main reason why people are moving to

Debreifing Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debreifing - Research Proposal Example Data backup and system documentation had not been addressed (Schmidt, Erek, Kolbe & Zarnekow, 2009). Communication channels in the company were poor thus retrieving information from responsible persons was impossible. â€Å"Lassiter was finding it very difficult to gain information from Kovecki on the progress and status of the system conversion† (Midsouth chamber of commerce, n.d.). A person who clearly understands the roles to be undertaken must head each section/department. Information technology department had to employ a full-time staff with experience in membership organizations and experience on the accounting software to ensure full running of the new system. Simon Kovecki was employed but lacked experience in membership organizations and the accounting software. He wasted a couple of months in learning how the organization operates and training himself on how to use the system. All systems must contain documentation to ensure ease of use (Schmidt, Erek, Kolbe & Zarnekow, 2009). Decision-making role must be well defined to ensure decision pertaining the company is made at the right time; immediately. A specific department to avoid role duplication should do purchasing. UNITRACK software is the best since it is powerful and can handle the matters of the MSCC Company even during its growth. The software is user-friendly and cheap. UNITRAK software firm could have been given chance to install the software and train all the employees as this could have cut cost on training and relieve Kovecki the computer analyst from the training job to handle other system affairs of the company like interviews. Implementation cost could have been cut off since UNITRAK would have done this free of charge (Schmidt, Erek, Kolbe & Zarnekow, 2009). Information technology systems are always complex and need expertise to use. Transforming from the old system to new system (target system) is challenging. Before actual

Review of Emirates Airlines and Qatar Airway Essay

Review of Emirates Airlines and Qatar Airway - Essay Example The success has been witnessed in participating in joint services with other airline companies like Middle East Airlines and United Airlines, to limit competition and boost success to the destinations that experience its services. The Middle East Company has been listed as a leading competitor with a strong foundation in Asia and the global continents. Emirates Airlines, conversely, had been established in 1985 to offer airline services. The company has since been considered the overall carrier in Dubai and United Arab Emirates having established its base at Dubai International Airport. Emirates has been based on the ideology of expansion and extending services to clients on the global scene. The company has been presented with the capability of holding the largest capacity of passengers and extended services. The airline operates an enormous fleet of Boeing airplanes, with the set of Airbus to place the services offered as the leading purchaser of the Airbus A380. Moreover, the airl ine boasts of offering the Sky Cargo services to over 15 international countries with diverse destinations. The ownership of the company has been the Dubai Government with connections in all of the global continents possessing ownership to over 103 areas. ... ed by the government of Dubai, has been operating for 23 years while Qatar Airways has been in business for 18 years and is owned by the government of Qatar. The emirates began its life in 1985 with a single aircraft. However, it has grown to be among the world’s leading international airline. It has reinforced Dubai as one of the most important aviation hubs (Cumming, 2007:67). The Qatar airways on the other hand began in 1993. A royal family in the country initially owned it. However, it was re-launched in 1997 under a new management. The government of the country currently holds more than 50% of the total investment. Private investors hold the rest of the shares. Political The political scene within the Middle East region has been favorable due to agreements among countries, which facilitate trade amongst them especially in the aviation industry. These agreements provide ready markets for both airlines. However, both companies were affected by the recent uprising in several Middle Eastern countries, which resulted in the closure of several airports leading to loss of business. Political influences of the specific countries have influence to the operation of the airlines. In Dubai for instance, politics have ridden the government owned emirates airline to a fully global power (Plunkett, 2006:432). The basic aim of this is to make the competitors growth projections not clinch to their desired height. This influence has made the customers of the emirates to rise from barely 8 million in 1996 to almost 29 million ten years later. This forms the most impressive sustained growth the company has ever made. The Qatar aviation is the most dynamic in the region. It is taking sponsorship over the political influence of the country placing it among the world’s fastest

Family seperation Essay Example for Free

Family seperation Essay Although in this scene they annoy the teacher Linda doesnt dream of swearing at the teacher and finds it hard to call the teacher a name, she stutters and comes out with you big worm but in Edwards scene in a polite manner he swears at the teacher have all the courage this is ironic. The problem of staging various locations: Me and my group acted out pg 47 which showed different locations. Mrs Johnstone begins with talking about children including her son she is narrating this. And then once she has finished the scene cuts and goes straight into Mrs Lyons teaching Edward to dance. Because these scenes where so close together as a group we decided that for this to be effective we would have the whole scene with a blackout with only a spotlight on Mrs Johnstone and Mickey first. Then After Mrs Johnstone and Mickey finish talking we would immediately change the spotlight to Mrs Lyons and Edward. By doing this make the scene a lot more effective than having to walk on and off stage moving props ect. The three scenes we chose where: In the hospital Where Mrs Johnstone has just had the two boys and Mrs Lyons takes one of them. Â  When Mickey is arrested. Mickey is told by Mrs Lyons about Linda and Edward. These scenes are essential because if these scenes didnt occur then the whole plot would never have happened. These scenes affect the main characters and are what the novel is about. The First scene: The scene begins with Mrs Johnstone holding her new born children, talking to a nurse that comes in this builds up. Mrs Lyons enters and takes one of the twin boys. If this scene didnt happen then the two boys would never had been separated and Mickey would never have been arrested and suffered from his depression. This scene is what makes the story and without it the story would have never happened and also the final scene which two is quite important. The second scene: This is the beginning of Mickeys reason for depression. The scene starts with Mickey and Sam committing a robbery and Mickey is arrested. He becomes mentally ill and is unable to do things for himself. He becomes addicted to his anti-depression tablets. After all this Linda cant cope and turns to Edward whom both seem to get very close, Mickey learns of this and the build up of the final scene. With out this scene the final scene would not have happened. The final scene: This scene is where Mrs Lyons tells Mickey of Linda and Edwardss betrayal, at first Mickey doesnt believe it but Mrs Lyons takes it a step further and proves it. This is a twist because in the play you see Mrs Lyons feelings towards her son and you think that they have a strong bond and a good mother and son relationship. But from this scene you can clearly see theres some kind of jealousy. Mickey cant take anymore and has suffered enough already so he takes the gun which the robbery had been committed and heads for the court room. This is where the final scene takes place. This is an extremely important because this is the final scene without this scene; the ending to the play would not be so effective because of what Mrs Lyons and Mrs Johnstone where discussing about. The ending to the play is all to do with superstition. In this exercise we looked at the issues of unemployment, prison, betrayal, drug addiction and gun crime. These are just some of the things that the character of Mickey has to go through in the play nut in the role-plays/ narration we wanted to show the stories from the other peoples perspective. Unemployment: I learnt that by not having qualifications it is not so easy to get a job. Also as an individual I saw that people arent so sociable and forthcoming when it comes to jobs and unemployment, when acting this out the woman at the job centre was prejudice against them, she was very rude and conceited. If I was that person looking for a job, I would be very depressed and feel very useless because of the little options I had. In the play Mickey should show his depression through his body language, he should be walking backwards and forwards to show hes thinking and nervous. By doing a lot of movement shows thought and frustration. Always putting his hand on his face and leaning on things to show he needs support. His tone of voice should be slow to show depression. Prison: I learnt that most of the people that are in prison are all working class or lower class people. By this I could see that these people turn to crime in a desperate attempt to have some money, or to have some kind of food or clothing. Once the prisoner is let free they have a much lesser chance of earning money and the whole thing is just repeated. If I was the child of my mother and Father I know that they would feel embarrassed and ashamed of me and so I wouldnt be able to face them. I think that I would ashamed to. In this situation Mickey should feels scared and frightened and helpless. He would do this thought facial expressions, looking around a lot and perhaps crying too. Betrayal: In the play theres a number of times where Mickey is be trade. By this I learnt that betrayal is mostly lying and doing things behind peoples backs. In the play Mickey is be trade by Linda and Edward, and by his mother. If someone was betraying me I would feel very hurt and angry, I think I would also shout a lot. Mickeys movement and gestures would be very big and exaggerated. He should show his anger through facial expressions and movement. Drug addiction: I could see how easy drug addiction is. It revolves a lot around your past and comes from the issues Im talking about (unemployment, prison, betrayal, gun crime). Most people turn to drugs because they have nothing else to turn to and this also can be done through pier pressure. If I was a family member I would do all I can to help them through this. Mickeys movement should be slow, and not much movement at all. He should be still and day dream a lot. Gun Crime: From this I learnt that crime was committed by mostly males who where unable to cope and had money problems, they where also teens, and young adults and some middle aged. And a lot of the time the crime would be committed where there was a store of money. If I was the mother of my child who had committed a crime I would be irritated, and express myself through my tone I would do a lot of shouting too. I would feel that it was my fault in the way I had brought up my child. Mickey should be very nervous and walk around a lot, he should speak quickly and be very helpless and his voice should be slurred. I think blood brothers is a tragic comedy according to the definitions. I feel that it is a tragic comedy because both aspects exist. Theres a lot of comedy in the play like when the class room scene happens. Edward is very superior and the way he back chats the teacher is shocking yet amusing. Even though in Mickeys scene there lower class they still didnt dare swear at the teacher and the only thing Linda can come out with is you big worm. Also the scene where Mickey and Edward meet for the first time. There both very curious and the way they deal with it is funny. Even though their physical difference is very clear theres a lot that they dont realise they have in common they contrast greatly. The tragedy more or less comes at the end. And by the play being a tragic comedy is much more realistic and enjoyable to watch.

The Foreign Policy Of Nepal Politics Essay

The Foreign Policy Of Nepal Politics Essay Upon the formulation of the Maoist-led government, both India and China were closely watching the new Prime Ministers decisions. While India was vigilante as to whether the policies of the government predominantly and essentially compromised of pro-communism visionaries would reflect such ideologies. It was watchful of the possible strengthening of Chinas ties with Nepal due to alignment of the governments ideologies. Similarly, China has been very cordial towards Nepal ever since, with higher diplomatic correspondence, especially visits to Kathmandu, causing worries in India. The face of Indi-China relations are changing, thus the Nepalese foreign policies will need to adjust with the shifting tides.  [1]  Convincing its neighbours of a balanced and neutral position amongst the imperceptible tension shall be a herculean task for the diplomatic and political scientists of Nepal. The imperceptible tension is founded on the competition between these rising economies to be the biggest economic powerhouse in Asia, and subsequently the world. Both the economies (China and India) are growing exponentially. With regard to China, expert predictions are that its volume of trade, which is already bigger than that of US since 2012 (although the latter remains the biggest economy) will get bigger with its market expanding in Europe in such a way that even the European competitors with have high time matching up.  [2]  There have been speculations that in 2040, the Chinese economy will reach $123 trillion, or nearly three times the economic output of the entire globe in 2000.  [3]   India must be well aware about the growing dominance of China in regional market. It has alleged China of an encirclement strategy since the Chinese focus on the sector of transportation can be observed in the Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Sri Lanka and Pakistan and all of these countries have one significant commonality- they surround India.  [4]  However, these emerging superpowers are seeking to enhance their economic cooperation in the present light. The current Chinese  investments in India  are to the tune of around $580 million, a sizeable amount, which India and China are seeking to increase through agreed to a five-year plan on economic cooperation as well as setting up a joint working group (JWG) to go into all trade related issues.  [5]  The competitiveness has soured the diplomatic relations between China and India, if not stalled them since the volume of trade between these giant economies is in fact growing rapidly, with the volume of trade expected to i ncrease by as much as $30 billion dollars by 2015.  [6]   On the other hand, territorial skirmishes are still going on between these two hefty neighbours of Nepal. One critique pens that although it is highly improbable that these two archrivals of the 19th century would head towards a confrontation, the territorial skirmishes still loom large in the 21st century. The vestiges of the Sino-Indian war which dates back to the 1962 remains, since the border dispute has not been solved despite genuine attempts by both the parties for it. Both the parties have tightened the security in the borders by deploying more military forces, making it highly militarized, in fact, one of the highest in the world. Periodic clashes are not uncommon and set off the countries towards series of arguments.  [7]   Nepal should be a careful vigilante in the coming years of the concurrent power tussle and cooperation between the neighbours. That Nepal is the land bridge between India and China is a fallacy, these the nations share more border connected with each other. However, the clamours of any skirmishes taking place has had resonated in Nepal as well, in which both the neighbours wait for Nepals response. The equidistant policy of Nepal, which is also a constitutional directive principle of Nepal, finds itself being frayed when such happens. C.K. Lal makes following observation for prospects and limits for a productive foreign policy, amidst Sino-Indian relation  [8]  : Kathmandu has the potential to become the idea-bridge between the two giant neighbours; Nepal has the potential of emerging not as an information technology hub, but as a centre of excellence in learning Chinese and Indian economy, culture and society. Tourism development is a desirable goal, but rich Chinese are not going to come to Nepal to trek in the Himalayas for quite some time-they would rather go to Paris to learn the ways of living like Parisians or travel to London to have suits tailored at bespoke outfitters of Savile Rowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it would be too much to expect that Nepals economy stands to benefit from development of trucking routes between Bihar and Tibet. Nepalis have to learn to be interpreters of a new world order of which both their neighbors are going to be important players. Hindi needs to be celebrated for that reason, not because some Madheshis think that it is their mother tongue. More Nepalis have to begin learning Chinese. And Nepal needs to aim for a respectable place on the next EPI list. Similarly, Shrestha suggests that if Nepal could have 10% of the transportation crossing through its territory, it would be a billion dollar turnover for Nepal, whose worth cannot be overstated.  [9]   8.2 India China Interference or Nepals Imprudent Foreign Policy? There is nothing extraordinary for China and India to have political interest over Nepal. They reasons to have such an interest in Nepal because it is their neighbour with a contiguous territory sensitive to political unity and security.  [10]   One apt instance would be the visit paid by Prime Minister of Nepal Baburam Bhattarai to India in the recent past. Nepal did not present a concrete proposal through official channels in advance that would have given the Indians time to process it through their multiple agencies. The Nepal embassy in India-with its limited resources, lack of outreach among influential politicians and commentators, and dismal bureaucratic leadership-was unable to do the groundwork for a big breakthrough in quick time. While the visit was a success in restoring trust between the two governments, and kick-starting many bilateral mechanisms that had been inert, it was underwhelming only because of what the Nepali side had promised.  [11]   Managing the India-China dynamic will remain Nepals foremost diplomatic challenge in years to come. And if we go by this years track record, the Nepali establishment is still not equipped enough with the skills to do so tactfully. There was a vote for a position in an important UN body recently, with both India and China competing. At the last minute, Nepal decided to vote for China-Beijing, which had already served two terms on the body, lost. The rest of the South Asian region, including arch-rival Pakistan, had voted for India.  [12]  A reporter writes on the issue: For years, visiting Indian ministers and other dignitaries have been trying to project an image of deep amity with Nepal, reiterating that the two countries share age-old cultural, social and other ties. However, apparently, these vaunted ties do not extend to working together at the UN. Even as India celebrates the victory of its candidate A Gopinathan over his Chinese rival Zhang Yan at Mondays vote for a five-year term at the UNs Joint Inspection Unit, Indian mandarins in Kathmandu have been left unhappy by the fact that Nepal chose to vote against India.  [13]   The above is not going to the last time that Nepal is placed in a sticky situation, where it is to express its support to one of the two neighbours it does not otherwise intend to upset. The best way to go about it is a political honesty and transparency, which can only be possible if it has a certain foreign policy practice that it swears to, which should be the basis of its actions in relations to its neighbours and not speculations and predictions. 8.3 Adjusting to the Influence of Globalization and Global Economies Rapid momentums are taking place in the world and states are competing for a comfortable positions in world polity, economic security with a few on a head on with each other. Amidst such momentums, Nepal has a huge responsibility of catching up, for becoming a developed country from a troubled and struggling developing country. If we take a birds view of the globe, we can see phenomenal progresses going around. Since its downfall, Russia has gotten over its Lenin syndrome, Economic competitiveness has replace the imperial policies. Nongovernmental and transnational organizations are thriving. The recession has taken a toll majorly on United States and Europe. New economies are seeking to become the topdogs position beside the elite Superpowers, who still have successfully maintained their grasp on their own position. Asia is resurfacing as the basket of civilization with a steady Japan and agile India and China. It has been forecasted that in the next 15/20 years, Japan, Russia and Brazil, closely followed by Indonesia will emerge as major players in the international arena  [14]  . Scholars have opined following to be the face of world order by 2050:  [15]   China will continue in its mission to surpass the States as the ultimate economy and shall do so in a matter of 15-20 years, followed by India, who will not lag behind, standing besides the States and China by the time the calendar reads 2050. The elite powerhouses of present day will maintain their status quo, but will not be able to prevent the present day average economies, with a considerable economic growth rate, from catching up. Europe will continue to go with the transnational policy and will extend its relations with other growing economies. Either the world will witness a chronic food deficit, crumbling the deprived pockets of globe and their malnourished population, or the nations will work expeditiously towards fulfilling their commitment, thus eliminating chronic hunger. International organizations, transnational organizations and Nongovernmental organizations gain momentum. Those such as WTO will gain more prominence as the least and developed nations, along with average will form alliances and voice demands for enhanced participation and privileges. 8.4 Reinforcing the Importance of Regional Organizations The feats that regional organization can achieve are evident in the economic order of the European Union, the control displayed by NATO in the Kosovo in the name of humanitarian assistance, the cartel of OPEC over supply of petrol to the nooks and crannies of globe, the effective solidarity demonstrated by AU and ASEAN for the collective interest of their regions among others. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985, on 8th December. Bangladesh and Nepal explicitly lobbied for it at various meetings. Since its inception, SAARC has SAARC has developed and consolidated its institutional framework and the scope and volume of its activities has expanded, with the setting up of 11 Technical Committees.  [16]   Democratization process in the region is picking up: The recently adopted SAARC Democracy Charter gives expression to collective commitment of the member states to promote and preserve values and ideals of democracy and democratic institutions. The Charter also reinforces the supremacy of the Member States respective constitutions and envisions strengthening democratic institutions by reinforcing democratic practices. Guarantee of the independence of judiciary and primacy of rule of law along with the commitment to adhere to UN Charter and other international instruments are some of the salient features of the Charter.  [17]   However, SAARC has even been labelled the most derided regional association in the world. It has been ridiculed for its incompetence in promoting regional trade, security, unity and a whole host of other issues. It has been called to be merely an avenue for leaders to partake in photo opportunities.  [18]  Ã‚   However, there is no other alternative to SAARC for South Asians. It cannot choose not to have any sort of regional cooperation or only promote bilateral relations.  [19]  Ã‚   The importance of SAARC for Nepal is immense. The impediments of globalization have made regionalism more preferable for small states. Inoguchi and Bacon enumerate on the argument drawing reference to the East Asian small states who despite their developmentalist-based successes have been poorly equipped to address and manage their high levels of interdependence sensitivity and in such lights have realized that their best response to this sensitivity to globalization is to develop an explicitly regionalist approach, but that in order to do this they have had to adapt to different and more transparent proto-democratic norms of political and economic self- and collective governance.  [20]   Trivedi asserts that the South Asian countries, on a positive note, do have a number of inherent advantages with regard to regional co-operation. They command a huge potential market with a combined population of more than 1.5 billion people. What is needed is to enlarge, integrate and unify this market by removing barriers to trade and taking other measures that will enhance regional co-operation.  [21]   Nepal should promote reinvigoration of SAARC. SAFTA is a pact signed 2004 by the SAARC member states, through which the member states intend and elevate common contracts among themselves, involving trade operated by states, supply and import assurance in respect of specific products. Agreements are to be concluded for tariff concessions and non-tariff concessions (sensitive list). This could provide special preference to least developed SAARC member like Nepal.  [22]   8.5 Other Critical Areas not to be Left Out Combating poverty is in the epicentre of Nepals foreign policy, especially in terms of foreign aid and assistance. Managing the refugee problem and fulfilling its international treaty obligation towards human rights, upliftment of women and children will be vital for Nepal to improve its impression in the international forums. Climate Change will be one of the most pressing issues in the 21st century. For countries like Nepal, the test of climate policy and action is how the communities will see change in their adaptation to the adverse effects climate change which they are already experiencing. Of crucial importance to Nepal is also the issue of protection of the Himalayan ecosystem against the adverse effect climate change, including through the melting of glaciers. Comprehensive framework for adaptation will also need to address the needs for disaster risk reduction. The indispensability and vulnerability of mountain ecosystem in addressing sustainability found a reference in the Rio+20 declaration, owing to Nepals diplomacy as chair of the LDCs. This needs to be further pursued. The continuation of Adaptation Fund created from 2% from CDM under the Kyoto Protocol is also equally important for us.  [23]   Another area the commendable participation in the UN Peacekeeping operations that has improved Nepals image in the international forum.  [24]  Such endeavours should be continued for Nepal to gain positive attention of its regional partners as well as other international vigilantes. CHAPTER XI 9. CONCLUSION SUGGESTION Annette Baker Fox writes, The distinctive power of great states flows from their military strengthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦for the Small state, diplomacy is the tool of statecraft.  [25]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historically foreign policy has been a vital tool of Nepali statecraft and test of statesmanship. The nature of politics which is witnessing fundamental changes in the entire spectrum of issues/interests, institutions and actors in a crucial time (21st  Century) and location (in Asia between India and China) makes Nepals foreign policy formulation and conduct of diplomacy particularly challenging now.  [26]  The diplomats and policy framers of Nepal should be aware about the fact that its position, whether economic, political or geographic, confers upon it certain rights and privileges, and it is the international obligation of developed states to uphold them. It has, for instance, certain rights to transit and passage being a landlocked country, provided it hones in its diplomats the quali ty to not flinch while asserting demands of exercise of such rights and privileges in concerned platforms. Dealing with simultaneously cooperating and competing regional and global super-powers embroiled in their own internal upheavals in a rapidly changing global political and economic order and strategic equation demands access to right information and ability to interpret it with knowledge, understanding and experience. Historical intricacies and new complexities seen through the eyes of simple convictions, outdated dogmas or vested interests distort comprehension; policies based on them can lead to unintended serious consequences.  Ã‚  [27]  Ã‚  Nepal can be no exception to this recommendation for the reason of it having just resurfaced through a horrendous armed conflict. Sympathy-based foreign aid and assistance cannot be sustained for long, since resources are diverted elsewhere when the crisis is worse. Sustainable development also requires Nepal to strength its resources. Development of human resource in fields of trade and energy will be crucial for Nepal in the days to come . 9.1 Relations of Trust and Confidence with India and China Historically Nepal is the meeting point of two great civilizations and today it is one of the epicentres of competing interests in an impending global paradigm shift. Located between two global economic and strategic powerhouses, Nepal can greatly benefit from developments taking place in India and China today. However, it is essential to realize that proximity adds vitality but also sensitivity and complexity in interstate relations demanding high priority and careful handling.  [28]  As late Prof. Yadu Nath Khanal, the most respected Nepali diplomat scholar wrote long ago our foreign policy will breakdown at the point where either India or China looses faith in us and concludes that her vital national interests and sensitivities do not receive proper recognition in our conduct of relations. Changing global and regional political, economic and security needs and the seriousness of the challenges faced by the South Asian states, particularly extreme poverty and threats from terro r networks have made things more complicated.  [29]   Nepals national sovereignty and territorial integrity while the other feels so exposed that it feels compelled to apply its own Monroe doctrine. In this sensitive relationship, vain debates,  name-calling and finger pointing  only  raise risks of more external involvement in internal power contests. So, domestic politics is the biggest problem of Nepals foreign policy today; restoration of trust and confidence with all our foreign friends and partners, but most importantly India and China is the top priority of Nepals foreign policy making and conduct of diplomacy.  [30]   9.2 National Interest, but also Guiding Principles Nepal will have to come up with a guideline on its equidistance principle very soon if it does not want to get too deep into the Tibet-China struggle. It has not allowed Tibetans to hold protests against China on its soil on number of occasions, including the birthday of the exiled Tibetan leader the Dalai Lama, who is reviled by Beijing as a separatist. While Nepal cannot swear support to the One China Policy, it cannot discharge of Chinas insinuations of assistance in exchange for such support. National Interests and guiding principles should both be concerns of Nepal.  [31]   9.4 Active role in SAARC Many institutions of SAARC framework lies in Kathmandu, including the SAARC Secretariat. Nepal has been a favourite venue for hosting several SAARC summits. If Nepal proactively persuades reenergizing SAARC, it can only benefit from being the hub for south Asian diplomacy, to some extent, what Luxembourg is for the European Union. 9.5 Economic (Development) Diplomacy Nepal will firstly have to work a way to limiting and subsequently finishing off its international debt and appeal for waivers and grants. It will have to negotiate with not only its neighbours but other prospective countries for making free trade agreements, duty-free and excise agreements and such. It should demonstrate strong leadership as the chair of the LDCs in platforms like WTO and UN. 9.6 Forward looking and Dynamic Diplomacy Edward Hallett Carr suggests, before the First World War, in most democracies war was regarded mainly the business of soldiers and as a corollary, international relations and foreign policy the business of professional diplomats, outside the scope of domestic party politics or a matter of public scrutiny. The war of 1914 once and for all changed the view that war only affects and can be conducted by professional soldiers. It also ended the corresponding notion that foreign policy could safely be left in the hands of professional diplomats.  [32]   To encapsulate in a few points, the areas to be worked out in the future for a sound foreign policy with regard to India and China would be: Development of foreign policy guidelines, such as on the equidistance principle Honing negotiation skills Democratization of foreign policy A renewed vigor and proactive participation in SAARC Vigilance of the interactions between India and China.

Tackling The Gang Problem In The Uk Criminology Essay

Tackling The Gang Problem In The Uk Criminology Essay In the past decade the concept of gangs has been debated thoroughly via research, media and government policy. This has led many to blame the youth of today for being the downfall of society by belonging to a gang. However this is not a new phenomenon, since the 1960s British research has focused on gangs, from a wide variety of groupings such as teddy boys, skinheads, punks, chavs and rudeboys. America is seen as the base for gang research however American researchers have been unable to agree on a uniform definition of gangs. In Britain Klein et al (2001) devised an operational definition of a gang as a durable street-oriented youth group whose involvement in illegal activity is part of the group identity. This definition has been found to have cross-national validity (Decker and Weerman, 2005), and has been adapted in British research and policy (Sharp et al 2006). A problem in inherent in defining such a complex notion is the involvement of the media. This is shown from as early as 1964 with Cohens Mods and Rockers studye. The medias exaggeration and distortion of the events resulted in the negative perception of those who defined themselves as a Mod or Rocker. They were depicted as folk devils and acted out that role accordingly in following years (Muncie, 1999). In todays society young people who become a member of a gang often seek to maintain that label for reasons such as the material, financial and social status gains (Jeffery, 1960). According to NACRO, youth offending fell between 1993 and 2001 and Britain has one of the lowest youth crime rates in Europe. However the media disregards this and continues to make young people folk devils (Cohen, 1980). By doing so it has lead to a moral panic (Cohen, 1980) with 1.5 million Britons considering moving home because of young people hanging around their neighbourhood (The Independent, 2006). Within this essay U.K gangs will be discussed in terms of the problems they cause such as gun and knife crime. The issue of the over-representation of ethnic minority gangs will also be debated. Attempts to prevent gang crime and the successes of prevention programmes will be discussed. The focus will be upon youth gangs as this is where the majority of research is based upon and they arguably have the most impact on British society. The significance of gangs in the U.K relates to the issues they cause in regards society and community cohesion. Although NACRO stated that youth offending had fallen young people involved in gangs are disproportionately involved in crime, especially involving weapons. In 2008 more than 70 youngsters died due to gang violence in Britain (Hughes, 2009). It is the death of innocent bystanders such as Rhys Jones, Sally Ann Byfield and Damilola Taylor. That has shook society, leaving many to be fearful of going to areas dominated by gangs. Such areas are inner-city, economically deprived and have a high ethnic population (Vigil 2002). The Metropolitan Police identified more than 170 gangs in London, with members as young as ten. Many gangs are loose affiliations of friends from the same area intent on controlling a territory, often defined by a post code. The penalty for straying into the wrong area is to be robbed, beaten or stabbed. Many teenagers carry a knife out of fear or to defend themselves if attacked. Recently knife crime has risen across England and Wales, the number of fatal stabbings in 2007-08 was 270, the highest since records began in 1977 (Hughes, 2009). The Home Office reported that gun crime fell by 29%, this could be down to displacement effect as knives are more readily available than guns (Hughes, 2009). It must be noted that official statistics do not offer a complete picture of gun and knife crime because often violence between criminals and offences by children under 16 goes unreported (Golding et al, 2008). An issue of gangs relates to reluctant gangsters (Pitts, 2009). They dont wish to be in a gang but as they fail to gain other employment they return to the gang lifestyle. Those who attempt to leave a gang are at high risk of victimisation (Taylor et al, 2007). The issue of victimisation is also a consequence for family as they may fall victim of a retaliation attack, have physical and mental health problem and endure numerous police raids and community stigma (Pitts, 2009).But as many will join gangs from a young age the effect of their actions is often not apparent before it is too late. Ethnic minorities are over-represented in media reports (Davison 1997) and in British Police accounts of gangs (Marshall et al. 2005). As gangs are more prevalent in areas populated by ethnic minorities (Vigil 2002), people consciously avoid or move from such areas which allows the area to worsen. Possibly rendering it un-fixable even with government or police intervention, this is in line with the Broken Windows Theory (Wilson and Kelling, 1982) Ethnicity may also not be such a strong predictor of gang membership in England and Wales, as opposed to a more segregated country such as USA (Peach 1996). Research on British gangs provides support for this view: Manchester gangs are ethnically mixed when the neighbourhood is ethnically mixed (Bullock and Tilley 2002), whereas in the more ethnically homogeneous Edinburgh, gangs tend to be mostly white (Bradshaw 2005). The ethnic composition of gangs is not divergent from the ethnic composition of other youth groups in Britain (Sharp et al. 2006). This is in support of Kleins (2001) definition is the what defines a gang is their involvement in crime. In 2007 Tony Blair and Gordon Brown held emergency summits dedicated to gangs, guns and knife crime (Alexander, 2007). The government announced a Three point plan to tackle gun and gang crime, focusing on policing, courts and community prevention (Alexander, 2007). Across the political spectrum policy amendments were called for ranging from David Camerons swiftly recanted Hug a Hoodie establishment of witness protection schemes to the establishment of safe houses for those escaping gangs (Alexander 2007). Police action against gangs is often described as intelligence-led; however, the nature, quality and ethical deployment of gang information continue to be questioned. Ralphs et al (2009) in a British ethnographic study found evidence of youth being targeted solely by association with known gang members, together with evidence of exclusionary experiences for example school exclusion, hampered employment prospects and excessive police attention that were attributed to erroneous labelling. Churchill and Clarke (2009) in a review of parent-focused policy to reduce social exclusion, list 39 separate major initiatives across early years, education, employment, benefit and parenting programme domains during 1997-2008, at a cumulative cost of hundreds of millions of pounds. Yet still numerous new initiatives are being introduced such as The Communities Against Guns, Gangs and Knives Initative at a cost of  £18 million for 2011-2013 (Home Office, 2011) Families have been conceptualised as a source of risk and resilience regarding antisocial and offending behaviour, and as a site for support and intervention. In an international narrative review (Klein and Maxson, 2006), the most consistent discriminator of gang involvement was a low level of parental supervision. It is a known fact the family can be a risk but also protective factor of criminal involvement for young people (Farrington, 2003). Multi-systemic Therapy is a multimodal intervention that is delivered to the families of serious delinquents aged 12-17. The approach sees the adolescents offending as being multiply determined by risk factors in nested socio-ecological risk domains. Multi-systemic Therapy has been evaluated to high standards in the USA, Canada and Norway with little dissent (Littell, 2005). In the British context Multi-systemic Therapy is seen in: Systemic Therapy for At-Risk Teens (START). As it is a new method the it is only recently that the positive effectiveness are beginning to emerge (Baruch and Butler, 2007). Family-oriented policy conceived by UK Labour governments in the 1997-2010 included Parenting Orders. They are civil measures that require parents of children aged 10-17 who truant, show antisocial or offending behaviour to attend parenting support initiatives. However they have been criticised as being out of touch with practice, inconsistently applied, inappropriately placing responsibility on parents and as backdoor criminalisation, whereby non-compliance results in criminal conviction (Burney and Gelsthorpe, 2008). Evaluation of the effects of Parenting Orders on child behaviour is extremely lacking. An inherent problem in parental involvement is that many parents often reject the blame for their childs gang involvement instead locating problems in the broader social context relating to lack of job opportunities and the influence of peers. This sense of misdirected blame, combined with a fear that one or more children could be taken into care, fed through into a mistrust of family support services that were felt to be stigmatising and inadequate (Aldridge et al 2009). Since 1997, Government policy has also focused on the social exclusion of young people who see gang activities conflicting with their community interests. Interventions that have been used are Anti-Social Behaviour Orders and Youth curfews. The government announced this year that Anti-Social Behaviour Orders were going to be replaced as many saw them as a badge of honour. The new Crime Prevention Injunction is aimed at stopping anti-social behaviour before it escalates (BBC, 2011). Youth Curfews have been seen as questionable in terms of their implications for human rights and freedoms and as regards their utility (Walsh, 2002) From the research put forward in this essay it is apparent that Gangs are still significant in contemporary society there are still issues related to their use of weapons and the over-emphasis on ethnicity in gangs. More needs to be done to help those seen as reluctant gangsters (Pitts, 2008) as individuals increasingly feel that they are unable to leave a gang in fear or retaliation on themselves, their family or the inability to survive financially. The media still has a strong impact on how society sees gangs which does not help such interventions that are attempting to decrease gang crime and culture. But it is clear nothing can be done to change the medias portrayal as they always need a social group to use as scapegoat for the problems within society and in the last decade gangs have been used as the moral panic (Cohen, 1980). To conclude, the success of interventions is varied, there have been numerous interventions brought in by the government with the most promising one being the most recent. As it is apparent the previous interventions have not been seen to be entirely beneficial otherwise there would not be a need for a new intervention. As can be seen by the cost of intervention programmes, Gang Crime is costing society billions of pounds not to mention the human cost. Like the new Crime Prevention Injunction more initiatives should seek to address to stop anti-social behaviour before it escalates (BBC, 2011). This is being piloted in the form of an early intervention initiative in Nottingham, which seeks to reach those under 12 who are deemed at risk of offending. There is strong support for involving family in the prevention method but this too should be instigated at an early age. As when individuals realise the detrimental effects of being a gang member it is too late and at the later point in life it may also be harder for the parents to convince the parents to comply with intervention (Aldridge et al 2009). Multi-systemic Therapy should be continued to be implemented in programs as it seems to be a promising method (Baruch and Butler, 2007). Like any prevention method it will take a few years to see the success of such and as prevention of gang crime is a relatively new procedure perhaps it is that we are not yet seeing the positive effects of the interventions that have been implemented.

Use of language and Word Choice in My Last Duchess Essay -- Robert Bro

‘My Last Duchess’ by Robert Browning is a dramatic monologue in which the Duke of Ferrara is discussing the matter of a dowry with an emissary sent by a Count. The use of dramatic monologue allows the poet to subtly reveal the personality of the persona to the reader. The language used by the speaker allows the poet to evoke strong emotions in the reader. The reader is given an early insight into the personality of the Duke in the very first line of the monologue: ‘That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall’ This early impression portrays the Duke as a very sophisticated man with a wealth of knowledge in art. This impression is continued when he mentions the very artist who painted the Duchess, ‘Fra Pandolf’. However, even at this early stage there are some hints that the Duke may not be all that he claims to be- the use of the word ‘My’ is very possessive, perhaps suggesting that the duke sees the Duchess as no more than an object. Furthermore the use of the word ‘Last’ implies that there have been many Duchesses and that the eponymous individual is just the most recent, suggesting that the Duke may be dishonest. This aspect of the persona’s character is confirmed later in the monologue, when the Duke says: ‘She liked whate’er she looked on And her looks went everywhere’ Here the Duke is challenging the morality of the Duchess, clearly suggesting that she has been unfaithful to him, showing his jealousy. This jealousy is aimed principally at Fra Pandolf, who he thinks is trying to seduce his fiancà ©e. This seems quite absurd to the reader as Fra Pandolf is a religious man and so this suggests that the Duke is a deeply insecure and extremely jealous persona. Of course this insecurity even... ... Then all smiles stopped together’ The use of the word ‘commands’ here yet again shows the possessive nature of the Duke and the alliteration in the phrase ‘smiles stopped’ emphasises it, which makes the awfulness of the Duke’s actions clear to the reader. Even the use of the personal pronoun ‘I’, something which is used repeatedly towards the end of the poem, emphasises the superficiality of the Duke and this leaves the reader feeling nothing less than hatred for him. In his dramatic monologue ‘My Last Duchess’, Robert Browning successfully uses language, particularly word choice to gradually reveal the character of the Duke of Ferrara. The reader starts off being slightly unsure about the Duke but this quickly turns to hatred as he describes the murder of the Duchess. This revelation of character make the poem exciting and very enjoyable to read.

The 1962 Salem Conspiracy Essay -- essays research papers

During the year of 1692, the small town of Salem seems to have been in a state of panic and confusion. The book Witchcraft at Salem, by Chadwick Hansen, is about the witchcraft conspiracies the town has experienced. Hansen goes on to explore the truthfulness of the "possessed" young girls. The reason why Hansen wrote the book is to try to set straight the record of the witchcraft phenomena at Salem, Massachusetts, in the year 1692, about which much has been written and much misunderstood. Hansen has a very respectable education. He graduated and obtained a Bachelors degree from the much respected Yale University. He went on to continue his education and obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. Hansen has had many teaching jobs throughout his life. From 1955-60 Hansen was an assistant professor at Pennsylvania State University. From 1965-70 he was a Professor of English and American studies at the University of Minnesota. His most accomplished teaching job was whe n he was a professor and Director of American Civilization at the University of Iowa. To help with his teaching he was in many history groups. He was a member of the Modern Language Association, American Studies Association, and American Historical Association. Hansen has written numerous books including, The American Renaissance: The History and Literature of an Era, and Modern Fiction: Form and Idea in the Contemporary Novel and Short Story. Hansen has many qualifications to write a historical piece during the American Revolution time period. In the summer of 1692, many strange and out of the ordinary events were taking place in Salem. Several young girls and young women began to have strange fits. They were eventually examined by doctors. "Dr. William Griggs examined Elizabeth Paris and Abigail Williams and came to the conclusion that the evil hand is upon them." With this analysis he was informing the patients that they were the victims of witchcraft. Before the girls were examined many members of the Salem community came to the conclusion that witchcraft was the reason the girls were having the strange fits. Following this was a series of hearings and trials, which resulted in the death of 20 people. This was not an uncommon practice used during that time. â€Å"Approximately nine hundred witches were burned in the single city of Bamberg, a... ...I believe it provided the reader with a better understanding of the different reasons the girls were acting in the nature they did. Overall I enjoyed reading Witchcraft at Salem. Hansen brought new ideas while challenging the old ones in a very enthusiastic manner. Many scholars have differing views on what happened at Salem. Some believe that girls were lying, while some believe that a physical ailment was the cause. This book was great for a reader who wanted to find several opinions on what took place in Salem. If the reader wanted to know just the basic facts of the Salem Witch Trials then I would not recommend this book. Witchcraft at Salem requires a general knowledge of what happened during the witch trials because it goes very in depth. This book might be confusing to someone who slept in high school history or english and knows nothing of what happened at Salem during 1962. Erikson, Kai T. â€Å"Were some of those witches real?† The New York Times. 6 July 1969, BR5. Hansen, Chadwick. Witchcraft at Salem. New York: George Braziller, 1969. Marion A. Knight, ed. â€Å"Chadwick Hansen.† Book Review Digest. New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1927, 273.

Biometrics Identification Attendance Monitoring System Essay

Time is a special resource that you cannot store or save for later use. Everyone has the exact same amount of time each day. Time not well used cannot be retrieved. Most people feel like they have too much to do and not enough time. They blame lack of time for their poor finances, unachieved goals, stress, bad relationships and not exercising their body. Wise time management can help you find the time for what you desire to do or need to do. You need time to get what you want out of life. Waiting for more free time to appear is losing the game of life. Through time management you can â€Å"create† the time you need, and not just wait for it to come. By planning your time wisely, you will have more time to do more things. You can learn to find the time for the things that are important to you. Even a small amount of time once a day, or even once a week, will take you closer to your goals, and you will be surprised at the progress you make. You become more productive using improved time management skills and tools, and can accomplish more with less effort and time. Time management can help you reduce wasted time and energy, help you become more creative and productive, and enable you to do the right thing at the right time. This will of course lead to more balance and fulfillment in your life. Working time is the period of time that an individual spends at paid occupational labor. Unpaid labors such as housework are not considered part of the working week. Many countries regulate the work week by law, such as stipulating minimum daily rest periods, annual holidays and a maximum number of working hours per week. Impact on system domain or impact on domain functionality, the risks between implementations and there. Ideally the monitoring is a tiny fraction of each applications footprint, requiring simplicity. The monitoring function must be highly tunable to allow for such issues as network performance, improvements to applications in the development life-cycle, appropriate levels of detail, etc. Impact on the real goal for the system must be considered In this paper, we proposed a system that automates the whole process or taking attendance and maintaining its records. Managing people is a difficult task for most of the organizations and maintaining the attendance record is an important factor in people management. Manually taking the attendance and maintaining it for a longtime odd to the difficulty of this task as well as wastes a lot of time. For this reason an efficient system is designed. This system takes electronically with fingerprint sensor and all the record are saved on a computer server. Biometric Identification Attendance Monitoring System serve as a time-log that is set up as a computerized database. This system maintains a daily record of a employee’s arrival and departure time for works. It keeps records in order and is frequently updated. When seeking employment, an employee can request certain reports to be printed from the Biometric Identification Attendance Monitoring. Biometrics have been widely use of the purpose of recognition, it is the most secure it is impossible to forge or tamper fingerprint. Fingerprint sensor is place at the entrance of faculty office. In order to mark the attendance, employee has to place his/her finger on the fingerprints sensor. On identification employee attendance’s, attendance record is updated in the database and he/she is notified through monitor. No need of all stationary materials and special person for keeping records. Fingerprint based time & attendance-monitoring system provides a foolproof solution using fingerprint authentication. It is very effective in resolving proxy entry problems inherent in other traditional systems. The system records details such as arrival and departure of employees besides maintaining information regarding their personal and official profiles. Official employee information such as designation, department, shift, location, leaves status, compensation, etc. can be linked to any payroll software to automate the complete process. Biometric Identification Attendance Monitoring System completely eliminates â€Å"proxy† inherent in other traditional systems. There is absolutely no recurring cost and smart finger can also be integrated into any existing payroll application to automate the complete process is extremely user friendly and enables you to generate any kind of attendance report required by querying based on name, department, shift, date, type of activity, etc. It can be customized as per the specific requirements of Customer; fingerprint can also be integrated into any existing payroll application to automate the complete process.

Film Analysis: “Elizabeth: the Golden Age” Essay

big businessman Elizabeth I was one of the near(prenominal)(prenominal) memor suitable, close to discussed and most write closely monarch yetterfly non solitary(prenominal) in England, but in horse opera tarradiddle (Dobson and Watson 2 Rozett 103). She was the wholly monarch that historians attributed an holy era of incline accounting after. The drive Elizabeth the easy time is an example of the poufs popularity in literature.Although much of the picture palace had accurately interpret the emotional state of the queen mole rat as to the modestness why the Elizabethan period of England was synonymous to the period of repose and prosperity, t here(predicate) were a soma of discrepancies amidst the instruction sh accept in the hire against data retrieved from diachronic records. This paper would be presenting these discrepancies as thoroughly as an insight on queen regnant Elizabeth Is visual sense to state of contendds marriage and psychological pr ofile. The movie theater Elizabeth the thriving Age was set in the socio-economic class 1565, when Spain was con lookred as the most powerful pudding stone in Western history and was chthonian the practice of powerfulness Philip II.In social club to achieve his goal to spread the Catholic faith across europium, Philip II began what he considered as a holy war. This war had allowed him to conquer all the European countries, bar for England which was still under the rule of a Protestant ottoman, Elizabeth I. Although non directly stated, the dart implied that it was in the year 1585 that Philip II determined it was time to purify England from the clutches of the nonplus rulight-emitting diode by a woman of the street (Elizabeth the halcyon Age). The inject depicted King Philip II clearly as someone who extremely despised power Elizabeth I in her entirety.However, Campion and Holleran stated that when pansy Elizabeth I ascended the slew in 1558, King Philip II in particular proposed marriage to the queen. Although she politely declined is marriage proposal, she legitimate the advice and protection that King Philip II offered to her (2). Meanwhile, in a meeting with her political advisers, pouf Elizabeth I was warned that her demesne was this instant split by religion. Half of the country was instantaneously practicing the Catholic faith with the other one-half practicing the Protestant faith.They recommended to the top executive that measures must be taken against the English Catholics. This was beca engagement her advisers saying the English followers of the Catholic faith as a panic to Elizabeth Is reign because of 2 reasons. The first was that since they were practicing the Catholic, this meant that they had confederate themselves with both the Pope and the kingdom of Spain, who has been considered in the occupy as Englands superior enemy. The second was that the Catholics no longer recognised Elizabeth I as their ruler.Ra ther, their loyalty had shifted to bloody shame Stuart, the promotes cousin-german and whom they regarded as the rightful Queen-in-waiting. Queen Elizabeth I responded to her advisers that she would non punish her people because of their phantasmal beliefs and apprised them that she had been told that the people still revered her as their Queen (Elizabeth the Golden Age). The incision in England, brought about by religious beliefs, had been a problem that did not go by during Queen Elizabeth Is reign.Instead, this division was an issue that the Queen inherited from her predecessors, bloody shame Tudor and her father, Henry VIII. According to historic records, Henry VIII rejected the grandiloquent authority in 1534 and fabricated the agnomen of Supreme Head of the National perform. With the ascent of bloody shame Tudor to the throne in 1553, she sought to reconcile the English Church with the Church of Rome. Initially, Elizabeth I was considered to be discuss when it cam e to religious affairs since she was more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) relate in keeping her throne, put forwarding the peace and the furtherance of the prosperity of England.Furthermore, Elizabeth I herself evaluate deuce-ace different religions during her vitalitytime Anglo-Catholic, Catholic, and Protestant. This was why she did not see the English Catholics as a threat and refrained herself from imposing severe punishments. She did, however, promote religious uniformity by background signal an example. She had as well as pressured her subjects to abandon their resistance to the establish Church of England (Campion and Holleran 11-14 Cole 2 Taylor-Smither 63).Sir Francis Walsingham revealed to Queen Elizabeth I in the film that an black lotion plot called the opening of England was disc overed masterminded by the Spanish monarchy. The plot included two armies were situated along the coasts of Sussex and Norfolk. They were waiting for the orderliness to assis t bloody shame Stuart to assassinate Elizabeth I and to put bloody shame Stuart on the throne of England. When she learned about the blackwash attempt, Queen Elizabeth I confronted the ambassadors of Philip II to England.This caused the ambassadors to end their powerfulness in disgrace and to view her as the center of an inter issue Protestant gang inciting a rebellion both in the Netherlands and in France (Doran Elizabeth I and international Policy, 1558-1603 8 Elizabeth the Golden Age). Upon the discovery of the black lotion plot, bloody shame Stuart had given the order to extend the black lotion plot on the Queen. part she was in perform, one of the supporters of the endeavour of England managed to give out by the guards at the front of the church and attempt to kill the Queen with the use of a pistol.However, the pistol used was unarmed, and the Queen survived the assassination attempt. The assassin and the other members of the Enterprise of England were captured, imprisoned and tortured. Later, Sir Walsingham and so confronted bloody shame Stuart with regards to the assassination attempt on the Queen and her function to the plot. She was accordingly presented the orders she had given out to the members of the Enterprise of England to proceed with the assassination of the Queen. bloody shame Stuart was seek and true for treason and was executed by kill. It was only after the operation of bloody shame Stuart that Sir Walsingham agnise the true intention of Spain.Through the capital punishment of Mary Stuart who was both a Catholic and an ally of Spain, England provided Philip II a reason to wage war against England (Elizabeth the Golden Age). Although this served as the climax of the entire film, it in any case contained the most of the discrepancies on diachronic accounts and records save for Mary Stuarts involvement in the assassination attempt on the life story of Queen Elizabeth I. This did not come as a surprise since in th at respect fuck off been numerous documents and literary works where the events of the life of Queen Elizabeth I were re-arranged.An example of this was the account do by Sir Walter Scott entitled Kenilworth where he changed the events so that Amy Robsart, the first wife of Robert Dudley which descendred in 1560 would coincide with the entertainment spectacle at Kenilworth which occurred in 1575 (Rozett 104). Mary Stuart, who was as well as kn deliver in history as Mary, Queen of Scots, became the Queen of Scotland after her birth in 1542. She hook up with the Dauphin of France and became the Queen of France when he ascended the throne in 1559. Her reign as Queen of France was only short-lived, since her husband died a year afterward his ascent to the throne.She then returned to Scotland to assume her deposit as the Queen of Scots upon the delayder of her bring forth. Her succeeding marriages were met with such s whoremasterdal. Of these marriages, the most black was he r marriage to the Earl of Bothwell, who had been considered as the alleged liquidator of her second husband. Her marriage to the Earl of Bothwell resulted to a national uprising where she was defeated in 1567. She was then forced to sign a document on the threat of death to depart from her throne and title of the Queen of Scotland.She tried to regain her title by upbringing another army which was in addition defeated. She then sought protection on her life in England and her cousin, Elizabeth I. Out indignationd by the actions through with(p) by the Scottish lords against her cousin, Elizabeth I defend her cousin and detained her as a captive (Campion and Holleran 2-3 Perry 145-46). Since the death of Mary Tudor and Elizabeth Is ascension to the English throne, Mary Stuart had expressed publicly her legitimate claim to the English throne since her mother was the eldest sister of Henry VIII, Elizabeth Is father.Even though she was a prisoner in England, she tolerateed to be a threat to Elizabeth I. When reports were brought to Queen Elizabeth Is charge that her cousin was involved in assassination plots against her, Parliament go for Mary Stuarts writ of execution. Initially, Elizabeth I did not consider this pick since there was no manifest that proved the allegations against Mary Stuart. That all changed upon when Sir Francis Walsingham discovered the assassination plot against the Queen called the Babington plot.To gather evidence regarding the involvement of Mary Stuart on the plot, he ordered Mary Stuart to be moved to a house where she could be more closely monitored and appointed a modern jailer who was less sympathetic to Mary Stuart. Soon, Mary Stuart began to receive news from Europe which were smuggled to her through water verification packages inserted in the bungholes of beer kegs. Unknown to Mary Stuart, Sir Walsingham had already intercepted these messages and had managed to rewrite them before Mary Stuart and her confidantes rec eived them.It was here that Sir Walsingham discovered that the plotters of the assassination of the Queen were headed by a rich and idealistic Catholic squire named Anthony Babington and that there were sixty gibibyte Spanish and English soldiers ready to surrender Mary upon receiving her plaudit. She approved the assassination and her economy in writing. Sir Walsingham presented to Elizabeth I the directions and approval written by Mary Stuart in her own handwriting as evidence and proof of the allegations made against Mary Stuart.After defend Mary Stuart for nineteen long time, Elizabeth I was compelled by law to transfer Mary to Fortheringhay move where she was tried and was found guilty on the crime of treason. She was executed by beheading in 1587. The betrayal brought by Mary Stuart to attempt to assassinate her, Elizabeth Is outlook towards Catholics began to change and saw them as traitors and a threat to her life. This resulted in her implementing sterner laws against Catholics were oblige with penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment, torture and death (Campion and Holleran 11-14 Taylor-Smither 63 doubting doubting Thomas 147-48).King Philip II launched his Spanish Armada against England a year after the execution of Mary Stuart. This finality was not influenced by the execution of Mary Stuart. Rather, it was a result of the declining kind between the two countries. Between the years of 1565 and 1566, m any members of the Spanish nobles had demanded Philip II to forgo the Spanish search because they viewed his measures against Protestantism as an attempt to extend Spanish control over the ecclesiastical affairs as a drive to undermine traditional privileges of Spain.This Inquisition was temporarily placed on decl atomic number 18 due to the constant threats of the Turks to Spain. The moment the Turks sign-language(a) a series of treaties with Spain, it gave King Philip II the opportunity to once again act his goal to expand Spanish rule over Europe (Doran Elizabeth I and remote Policy, 1558-1603 6-10). The relationship between Spain and England had begun to deteriorate as a result of a number of events that had occurred between King Philip IIs courtship to Queen Elizabeth I and the war between Spain and England.Among these events were the voyages of Francis Drake around the world which were on the Q.T. supported by Elizabeth I. On vertex of the products from the novel beingness, Drake in any case looted the Spanish galleons he came across of which the Queen accepted a portion of when he returned from his journeys in 1580 (Doran Elizabeth I and Foreign Policy, 1558-1603 9). The Spanish Armada greatly outnumbered the English army because the population of England was importantly lower than that of Spain which resulted in fewer able men to be enlisted in the army.Also, the multitude technology of the English army was far-off behind than any other European countries and it was impossible for Queen Elizabet h I to maintain an army financially because during the four decades of her reign, most of the financial resources were allotted to the maintenance of the coalesce of politics, socializing and ceremonies that the Queen accomplished through travels around the kingdom (Cole 1 Doran Elizabeth I and Foreign Policy, 1558-1603 7 Frye 100 Thomas 160). As the Spanish Armada drew near, Elizabeth I gathered her small army and support them with a short oration which is now known as the Oration at Tilbury Camp. This short run-in was considered by most writers and historians accepted as one of the beat out speeches composed by a monarch in Englands history. The most prominent line in the speech which was mentioned in the film, although reworded, was I come to lay grim for my god, and for my kingdom, and for my people, my honor and my blood in the spread I know I take a leak the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I invite the heart and stomach of a king, and a king of England in lik e manner (Elizabeth the Golden Age Frye 98 dark-green 424-26).Perhaps what made Queen Elizabeth I such an enigma for many historians and writers was her decision to remain un married, which is why she has been referred to in history as the Virgin Queen. Her decision to remain unwedded stretched down to her ladies-in-waiting and her courtiers such that, in order for them to be married, they must first strain the approval of the Queen. Those who married in secret would convey to face the wrath of the Queen and might even have to face imprisonment.Such was the case in the movie when she lashed out against Bess, her favorite lady-in-waiting and Walter capital of North Carolina when she discovered they had not only married without her consent, but were expecting a child. Although there are no documentation discovered regarding the clash between Queen Elizabeth I, Walter Raleigh and Bess, there are numerous accounts on the outbursts of fretfulness the Queen exemplified upon the d iscovery of the secret marriages of the members of her court. The most documented was the incident between Queen Elizabeth I and one of her ladies-in-waiting named Mary Shelton.When Elizabeth I discovered Mary Sheltons marriage to James Scudamore, she exploded and demanded why Mary Shelton or James Scudamore did not seek her approval before they got married. One witness stated that Mary Shelton was hit copiously by the angered Queen and was attacked by the Queen with a candlestick which caused Mary Sheltons finger to be scattered (Doran Monarchy and Matrimony 5-6 Elizabeth the Golden Age beat 80-81). Historical records provided two reasons on why Queen Elizabeth I decided to remain unmarried throughout her reign.One is that it was her own decision in order to be able to trim all her heed to the affairs of the kingdom. This was evident in the speech that she had made at Parliament in 1559 when the members of Parliament presented her a quest to conjoin. She responded to this p etition by stating that she was already married to her husband, the landed estate of England. This cosmos the case, she did not see any reason why she should still marry a man. Another reason historical records presented in connection to her choosing to remaining unmarried were her cousin, Mary Stuart and the circumstances surrounding her cousins marriage.As mentioned earlier, Mary Stuarts marriage to her third husband led to a civil uprising in Scotland. After cosmos defeated in the civil uprising, the Scottish lords forced Mary Stuart to abdicate the throne of Scotland and her title as Queen of Scotland. Queen Elizabeth I saw her cousins marriage as the primary cause of her cousins downfall and feared that should she marry, the uniform events might happen to her (Doran Monarchy and Matrimony 2 King 30-33 Taylor-Smither 61).Psychologists have also presented studies to explain Queen Elizabeth Is decision to remain unmarried. ground on their findings, psychologists concluded th at Queen Elizabeth I was a wrongfulnessd human universe, found on Sigmund Freuds theory of temper. This damage occurred during her childhood when she witnessed not only her father, King Henry VIII, accusing her mother, Anne Boylen, of the crime of adultery, but also she witnessed her mothers execution by beheading after she was tried and found guilty of the crime.This childhood memory touch Queen Elizabeth Is personality such that she began to embody the traits of males. It also caused her to identify with males in terms of being dominant and acting traits of fearlessness and being aggressive. Because of these personality traits that Queen Elizabeth I adopt and portrayed, it would make it impossible for her to become a wife and a mother because the personality traits that a wife and a mother during this period included being pliant to her husband and to the holds of her children.Psychologists have also noted her uncontrollable and sudden bursts of rage and mood swings. An example of this was seen in the film when she found out that her favorite lady-in-waiting, Bess, not only married Walter Raleigh, but also is expecting a child. This was also evident in historical records when she attacked her lady-in-waiting named Mary Shelton and James Scumadore upon breeding that they married without first seeking her approval for their union. These events led modern-day psychologists to conclude that Queen Elizabeth I was suffering from clinical delirium.This hysteria was brought about by the unconscious anxieties that she was experiencing as a result of her witnessing her mothers trial and execution as well as by feelings of jealousy. This jealously was exemplified in the film when Queen Elizabeth I confided to Bess that she was overjealous of Bess because although she was a Queen, there were many things that her lady-in-waiting may enjoy which she, as a Queen, can never experience (Doran Monarchy and Matrimony 5-6 Elizabeth the Golden Age Hammer 81).In gen eral, the characterization of the life of Queen Elizabeth I in the film Elizabeth the Golden Age was acceptable, if not accurate. It showed the two sides of the Queen. On one hand, she was a fearless leader devoted to her country and her duties as Queen that she would rather leave personal joys such as being married in order to concentrate on her obligations to her kingdom. She also proved that, in period where women are considered as low to men, a woman did not need a man by her side in order to rule a country.Her experiences during her childhood allowed her to develop important characteristics that a leader during this period must possess dominance, ruthlessness, aggression and fearlessness. On the other hand, the film also depicted the Queen as an emotionally weak human being. The same childhood experiences that helped her develop her admirable qualities also caused her to become clinically hysterical found on the findings of modern-day psychologists.Her condition caused her to exemplify sudden emotional outbursts of rage which affected the lives of those who served her court with her outbursts at times causing harm to those who have remained loyal to her. However, the re-arrangement do in the film with regards on the timeline and reasons for events to occur may have provided confusing information for the viewers of the film since these events have been re-arranged provided as Sir Walter Scott had done centuries before in order to correlate the events presented in the film to each other even if historical records showed otherwise.It can only be assumed that the re-arrangement and changes on the relationship of the events that occurred during the timeline presented in the film may have been done in order for the film to become more exciting to view and to highlight more on the positive qualities of the Queen which made her the most popular monarch of Western history. Works Cited Campion, Edmund and James V. Holleran. A Jesuit Challenge Edmund Campion s Debates at the Tower of London in 1581. New York Fordham University Press, 1999. (4) Cole, Mary Hill.The Portable Queen Elizabeth I and the Politics of Ceremony. Amherst, MA University of Massachusetts Press, 1999. (2) Dobson, Michael and Nicola J. Watson. Englands Elizabeth an Afterlife in Fame and Fantasy. Oxford, UK Oxford University Press, 2003. (1) Doran, Susan. Elizabeth I and Foreign Policy, 1558-1603. New York Routledge, 2000. (4) Doran, Susan. Monarchy and Matrimony the Courtships of Elizabeth I. New York Taylor & Francis Routledge, 1996. (3) Elizabeth the Golden Age. Dir. Shekar Kapur. Perf. Cate Blanchett, Geoffry Rush, AbbieCornish, and Samantha Morton. 2007. DVD. Universal Studios, 2008. (7) Frye, Susan. The Myth of Elizabeth at Tilbury. one-sixteenth atomic number 6 Journal. 23. 1 (1992) 95- 114. (2) Green, Janet M. I Myself Queen Elizabeth Is Oration at Tilbury Camp. Sixteenth cytosine Journal. 28. 2 (1997) 421-45. (1) Hammer, capital of Minnesota E. J. Sex and the Virgin Queen grim Concupiscence and the Court of Elizabeth I. Sixteenth Century Journal. 31. 1 (2000) 77-97. (2) King, John N. Queen Elizabeth I Representations of the Virgin Queen. Renaissance Quarterly. 43. 1 (1990) 30-74. (1) Perry, Maria. The say of a Prince A biography of Elizabeth I from Contemporary Documents. Rochester, NY Boydell and Brewer Ltd. , 1990. (1) Rozett, Martha Tuck. Constructing a World Shakespeare England and the New Historical Fiction. Albany, NY University of New York Press, 2003. (2) Taylor-Smither, Larissa J. Elizabeth I A Psychological Profile. Sixteenth Century Journal. 15. 1 (1984) 47-72. (3) Thomas, Jane Rush. Behind the Mask the Life of Queen Elizabeth I. New York Houghton- Mifflin Trade and Reference, 1998. (2)