Fueling Concerns Over U.S.-China Economic - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 963 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gang Violence Essay Did you like this example? Fueling concerns over U.S.-China economic imbalances and yet again questioning the relationship between both superpowers. August 2010, China Becomes Worlds Second-Largest Economy. China and surpasses Japan as the worlds second-largest economy after it is valued at $1.33 trillion for the second quarter of 2010, slightly above Japans $1.28 trillion for that year. Which is a ridiculous amount of money and brings concern to the United States. China is on track to overtake the United States as the worlds number one economy by 2027, according to Goldman Sachs chief economist Jim ONeill. Chinas success comes from the U.S. and all the help weve given them over the years for China to recover and deal with their issues. In an essay for Foreign Policy, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton outlines a U.S. pivot to Asia. Clintons call for increased investment†diplomatic, economic, strategic, and otherwise†in the Asia-Pacific region is seen as a move to counter Chinas growing clout. U.S. President Barack Obama announces the United States and eight other nations have reached an agreement on the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a multinational free trade agreement. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fueling Concerns Over U.S.-China Economic" essay for you Create order The U.S. trade deficit with China rises from $273.1 billion in 2010 to an all-time high of $295.5 billion in 2011(U.S. Relations With China,Timeline). The increase accounts for three-quarters of the growth in the U.S. trade deficit for 2011. In March, the United States, the EU, and Japan file a request for consultations with China at the World Trade Organization over its restrictions on exporting rare earth metals. China is not happy with this and agreements about trade continue to grow. U.S. President Barack Obama hosts Chinese President Xi Jinping for a shirt-sleeves summit in a bid to build a personal rapport with his counterpart and ease tense U.S.-China relations. Obama and Xi also vow to establish a new model of relations, a nod to Xis concept of establishing a new type of great power relations for the United States and China. February 9, 2017 Trump Affirms One China Policy After Raising Doubts. U.S. President Donald J. Trump says he will honor the One China policy in a call with Chinese President Xi Jinping. After winning the presidential election, Trump breaks with established practice by speaking on the telephone with Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen and questioning the U.S. commitment to its One China policy. March 22, 2018 Trump Tariffs Target China which now raises more concern. The Trump administration announces sweeping tariffs on Chinese imports, worth at least $50 billion, in response to what the White House alleges is Chinese theft of U.S. technology and intellectual property. Also putting tariffs on steel and aluminum imports, target goods including clothing, shoes, and electronics which restrict some Chinese investment in the United States. July 6, 2018 the U.S.-China Trade War Escalates. The Trump administration imposes fresh tariffs totaling $34 billion worth of Chinese goods. More than eight hundred Chinese products in the industrial and transport sectors, as well as goods such as televisions and medical devices, will face a 25 percent import tax. China retaliates with its own tariffs on more than five hundred U.S. products. The reprisal, also valued around $34 billion, targets commodities such as beef, dairy, seafood, and soybeans. President Trump and members of his administration believe that China is ripping off the United States, taking advantage of free trade rules to the detriment of U.S. firms operating in China. Beijing criticizes the Trump administrations moves as trade bullying and cautions that tariffs could trigger global market unrest. When Donald Trump became US President he promised to Make America Great Again. Part of his plan is to radically change how US trade deals work and to focus on protecting the domestic economy. With these new protectionist policies, President Trumps main goal is to reduce the flow of Chinese imports and push American consumers to buy domestically-made products. The president believes this is the best way to close the trade deficit between the US and China. Donald Trumps trade war could potentially drag in products from other American trade partners, undermining relations. This also risks a chain reaction as countries start clamping down on partners, which then retaliate(Palumbo, Daniele, 2018). Since 1992, China has played an extremely important role in the US trade. A full-blown trade war between the United States and China is likely to damage the economies of American allies such as South Korea, Japan and Taiwan because they supply the bulk of components and raw materials used in the exports targeted by Donald Trump. Escalation of the trade friction between the US and China would have a negative impact elsewhere too, as international trade, confidence and investment is hit at a sensitive time for the global economy, Louis Kuijs, the Hong Kong-based head of Asia research with Oxford Economics said. Now that the China trade issue has had so much light shone on it and has caused bipartisan disquiet in the US, Trump and many in Congress seem determined to change organically the trade relationship between the two countries. It is hard to see how things can go back to business as usual or, if they do, that it will last long and too many Americans are aware of the issue now. The Trump administrations imposition of tariffs on imports from China has been criticised by many as being not the answer to the trade issues the two countries are trying to resolve. Yet few seem to know what the answer is. The two systems may, in fact, be, as Lighthizer told Congress in 2010, incompatible. If nothing else, Trumps volume and bigmouth about US trade issues with China have focused the attention of many on the issue. How future trading between China and the US will take shape is one of the larger questions of our time.

Modern Poverty And Economic Inequality Essay - 1200 Words

The United States of America: the land of the free and the home of the impoverished. In a country where 47 million of its citizens fall below the alleged poverty line, there is an obvious dire urge for social reform. As Mark Rank stated in his book, Rethinking American Poverty (page 19), â€Å"between ages of 20 and 75, nearly 60 percent of Americans will experience at least one year below the poverty line.† Poverty in America has reached a feverish high. Readings of O’Connor, Rank, Wacquant, Fording, Soss, Schram, Katz, Iceland, and Gans adequately summated the topic of modern poverty and economic inequality in the United States. From analyzing the poverty line to evaluating how our neoliberal-paternalistic society effects the less affluent, it is important to develop a fresh mentality to properly frame poverty as an urgent social problem. In order to better understand and conceptualize the epidemic of poverty, it is imperative to identify the flaws in popular concept ualizations of poverty. In Michael Katz’s article, The Undeserving Poor: From the War on Poverty to the War on Welfare, he addresses how America tends to think of poverty as a â€Å"them† problem (page 236). Instead of individualizing the topic of poverty, the country should be thinking about it as an â€Å"us† problem. Less affluent citizens are out of the loop. Katz described them as, â€Å"strangers to be pitied or despised, helped or punished, ignored or studied, but rarely full citizens.† This is an interesting way toShow MoreRelatedThe Inequality Trap : Fighting Capitalism Instead Of Poverty1486 Words   |  6 Pagesrights, gender equality, poverty, or medicine, there are individuals around the globe looking for ways to improve our society and those who are merely making suggestions on how to improve it. Published in 2015, William Watson’s book The Inequality Trap: Fighting Capitalism Instead of Poverty is full of analysis and suggestion on what humanity can do to create a more equal society. The book glides through a series of arguments that attempt to conclude that the issues of inequality in our society are broughtRead MoreEconomic and Social Costs of Inequality in Australia785 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyse the economic and social costs and benefits of inequality in distribution of income in Australia. Income inequality describes the extent to which income is distributed unevenly among residents of an area. High levels of inequality indicate that a small number of people receive most of the total income, and that most people receive only a small share of the total. There are many advantages and disadvantages associated with the inequitable distribution of income. Income inequality can leadRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Society1557 Words   |  7 Pageschances are dictated by the abnormal evels of inequality that construe the modern world. A girl born in California will most certainly live to old age; However if she is born in West Africa, she has a one in four chance of dying before her 5th birthday. These discouraging truths envelope our everyday realities, and the single most poignant factor is poverty; which is arguably the most far-reaching, long-standing cause of chronic suffering there is. Poverty is a severely embedded wound that infiltratesRead MoreEssay on Social Stratification and The Importance of Class1042 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom, equality and opportunity. These are the values our nation is based upon, but are these standards actually held up in our modern society? I will argue that although our nation prides itself on its equality and freedom; in reality we do not hold up these values and are faced with inequality and imbalance. The modern American class system outlines many of the inequalities that plague our nation. In a country that prides itself on equality, there is a lot of evidence that point to social stratificationRead MoreThe Undeserving and Deserving Poor Structure1065 Words   |  5 Pagespermeated the public and political lexicon, there are few debates that evoke such passion as that of the underclass. Karl Marx tabled the idea of the lumpen proletariat, yet in the modern era, the concept did not take hold in Britain until 1989. Today, the debate focuses on whether frictional forces create a continuum of inequality, or whether a defined underclass does exist. The question asks if poor people belong in a separate underclass, which is a vague definition. 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However, this economic advancement is not equally distributed as continents’ economiesRead MoreThe Modern Development Project ( Mdp )1037 Words   |  5 PagesModern development is characterised by industrialisation and the transformation of societies from subsistence agriculture to production based economies. This process both disrupted the cultural values and practices of traditional societies and birthed a consumerist culture. Consequently, societies become fixated on the construct of scarcity, concerned that means are inadequate to satisfy their interminable desires (Polanyi, cited in Sahlins, 1972: 3). Although modern development is conven tionallyRead MoreAmerica s Income And Wealth Inequality987 Words   |  4 PagesToday in America, income and wealth inequality has continued to grow at an unsettling pace. The rich continue to get richer, while the number of people categorized as lower class grows exponentially. As Joseph Stiglitz has explained, many theories that are seen as strongly Republican, such as the trickle-down effect, has caused the rich to take money from the poor, and as a result the lower class grows and the middle class disintegrates. The top 1 percent of America’s households currently holds 30

Quantitative Risk Management Concepts - Techniques and Tools

Question: Discuss about the Quantitative Risk Management for Concepts, Techniques and Tools. Answer: Introduction: The increased prospect of globalisation is responsible for significant changes in the business context of medium-size and large-size to expand its customer population by expanding to the international market. In the present context, the discussion of international business context and the associated risk conidiation are analysed, taking into a reference of Commonwealth Bank, Australia (Turner, 2014). The strategic strength of this company is linked to its brand popularity, scale (assets and merging strength), and diversified business mix that offer varieties of solutions to its client. The international business projects of Commbank is known to have its global presence since 2008 and marked its presence through retail banking in New Zealand and Indonesia, Banking investment in China and Vietnam, Banking branches in UK, Singapore, India, Japan, China, and New York. Apart from this, the company also offers international services in B2B form to several locations including Beijing, Hanoi , New Zealand, China, and India. It is vital to discuss that international business context is not only about networking to penetrate into the international location and framing strategic alliance to gain competitiveness, but is also linked with risk consideration in an overseas location such that continuity of business can be maintained and that the total asset value of the company should not be a risk (Ang, Benischke and Doh, 2015). The common form of risk that are probable to encounter for banks, as well as other commercial companies in conjunction with overseas projects, include country (legalisation) risk, commercial risk, currency risk, and cross-cultural risk (Turner, 2014). The reason that such factors must be carefully analysed is that with understanding to critical information, the company can avoid financial loss or product failure like situation. In addition to this, with accurate market understanding, the company can also manage the competitiveness in the market and manage the corporate social responsib ilities. Notably, the commonwealth bank has accurately identified such risk propensities, which can be reviewed with fact that they entered into the selective market with selective product lines. The major risk is the country risk which is linked with government intervention and protectionism. For instance, in China, the customer protection framework is poor and that financial liabilities in terms of consumer protection is minimal, because of which Commonwealth tends to expand its branches for financial investment in businesses (Stahl and Tung, 2015). Likewise, another concern is linked with legal safeguards, economic failure due to nations GDP, and adversities with reference to social and political unrest or instability. Particularly, in Asian countries, the GDP is stable only for India, Singapore, and China, whereas social and political interference are more in Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lank, and Bangladesh, due to which the company have limited product launches. Note that these terms are also i ncluded within the scope of currency risk as the foreign taxation, asset valuation, and fluctuation in currency conversation rate also affects the overall business procedure (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts, 2015). Thus, careful evaluation of these terms, in each financial year is mandatory for global companies, in these nations, for avoiding any major loss in finance, which is accurately handled by Commonwealth Bank. Another significant risk is considered with respect to commercial risks such as weak partner of Merger and Acquisition (MA), the timing of entry into the market, and competitive intensities. It is reflective of the past MAs activities of Commonwealth Bank that they have an association with nationalised banks such that they can make a good return of their share values and can also avoid the risk of asset loss to market fluctuations (Henningsson and Kettinger, 2016). Lastly, the cross-cultural risk is associated with a reference to the local employees, their communication standard, and ways of decision making. For example, the commonwealth can only invest in B2B format to minimise the risk, whereas for the investment into the microeconomic of nations like New Zealand, US, Asia, and other European nation will be difficult unless they have more branches and executives working in the host markets. References: Ang, S.H., Benischke, M.H. and Doh, J.P., 2015. The interactions of institutions on foreign market entry mode.Strategic Management Journal,36(10), pp.1536-1553. Henningsson, S. and Kettinger, W.J., 2016. Understanding Information Systems Integration Deficiencies in Mergers and Acquisitions: A Configurational Perspective.Journal of Management Information Systems,33(4), pp.942-977. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Stahl, G.K. and Tung, R.L., 2015. Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international business studies: The need for positive cross-cultural scholarship.Journal of International Business Studies,46(4), pp.391-414. Turner, P., 2014. The global long-term interest rate, financial risks and policy choices in EMEs. [Assessed from https://www.iadb.org/res/centralBanks/publications/cbm77_1166.pdf Dated 24 Mar 2016].

Population Estimation Essays - Environmental Statistics,

Population Estimation Population estimation Introduction Estimates of population size play a vital role in many fisheries management decisions. The numbers of fish in a stock are used to identify influences of environmental factors, human exploitation, and ultimately to identify the effectiveness of management strategies. (Van Den Avyle & Hayward 1999) The three most common methods of population estimation among biologist are sample plots, mark and recapture, and removal. Counts on sample plots is based on the principle that an estimate of population size can be obtained by determining the average density of animals per unit area and multiplying its value by the total area covered by the population. This procedure is done by setting up a pre-determined number of circular, square, or rectangular plots. These plots should be randomly placed and should not over lap. This method is used when all members of the target population can be counted with reasonable certainty(Van Der Avyle & Hayward 1999). The formula used with this method is: Where A is the size of the study area, a is the size of the plot, and n is the average number of animals counted per sample plot (Van Der Avyle & Hayward 1999). The mark and recapture method is simply preformed by collecting fish, marking them, releasing them, and at a later time collecting fish from the same area and examining them for marks. This is based on the principle that the number of marked fish in the second sample is proportional to the total number of fish in the population. This is called the Peterson method and the equation is as follows: Where M is the number of fish initially marked and released, C is the number of fish collected, and R is the number of recaptures (Van Der Avyle so several modifications have been made to correct this. One being Bailey's modification which is used when sampling during the recapture period is conducted with replacement. The Chapman method is used if replacement is not taking place. The differences in these three methods would be of little significance if the recapture number exceeds 7 (Van Der Avyle & Hayward). All three of these variations are based on the assumptions that: 1. Marked fish don't lose their marks. 2. Marked fish are not over looked in the recapture sample. 3. Marked and unmarked fish are equally vulnerable to recapture. 4. Marked and unmarked fish have equal mortality. 5. Following release marked and unmarked fish become randomly mixed. 6. There are no additions to the population during the study. If any of these conditions are not met over estimation will most likely occur (Van Der Avyle & Hayward 1999). The third and final method of population estimation is the removal method. This is based on the idea that the number of fish caught per unit of effort will progressively decline as members of the population are removed. The population can be estimated from data on fishing effort and catch rates. The assumptions with this method are: 1. All members of the target population are equally vulnerable to capture. 2. Vulnerability to capture is constant over time. 3. There are no additions to the population or losses other than the removal itself (Van Der Avyle & Hayward). The Leslie and DeLury methods are used in cases when sampling effort my vary among periods. They are used on large populations where the probability of catching an individual fish is low (Kohler 138). The Leslie method assumes that the number of fish caught per unit effort is proportional to the number of fish present at the beginning of the interval. The DeLury method differs in tha t the population estimate is based on total effort rather than cumulative data. The Zippin method is used where the catchability is high and equal effort is expended in each sample period. This is most commonly used in small mountain streams in conjunction with electrofishing as the removal method. Materials & Methods On September 13, 2000 we went to Mull Creek. We set up two stop nets spanning 75m one upstream and one downstream to keep the population contained. We made three runs with electrofishing